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Dr.
Michael G. Hanna, Ph.D
Chairman & Chief Executive Officer
Dr. Hanna is a co-founder of
Vaccinogen, Inc., the discoverer and developer of Vaccinogen’s lead product
OncoVAX®, and a pioneer in the field of cancer vaccines. He also developed
and obtained FDA approval for TICE BCG for treatment of carcinoma in situ
("CIS") bladder cancer which remains the standard of care and for
prophylaxis of high risk superficial bladder cancer.
Dr. Hanna was director of the National Cancer Institute’s, Frederick Cancer
Research Center between 1975 and 1983 where he created a center of research
excellence and managed over 2,000 technologists. Prior to founding
Vaccinogen, Dr. Hanna previously served as Chairman and Chief Scientific
Officer of Intracel Resources, an integrated biopharmaceutical company that
developed cancer vaccines and immunotherapeutic and diagnostic products for
both cancers and infectious diseases. Dr. Hanna also served as President and
Chief Executive Officer of PerImmune, Inc. prior to its merger with Intracel
in 1998. From 1985 to 1994, he was the Chief Operating Officer of Organon
Teknika Biotechnology Research Institute and Senior Vice President of
Organon Teknika Corporation, a subsidiary of Akzo Nobel, N.V., The
Netherlands.
Dr. Hanna received a
doctoral degree in experimental pathology and immunology from the University
of Tennessee. He has over 225 publications to his credit, has 10 patents in
immunotherapy and has been the recipient of numerous honors.
Company
Profile:
www.vaccinogeninc.com
Vaccinogen, Inc. is a cancer vaccine
company developing OncoVAX®, a patient specific therapy to prevent the
recurrence of colon cancer and potentially other solid tumors. Vaccinogen
has developed a process that circumvents the extreme diversity of tumor
cells by leveraging a patient’s own live tumor cells to launch a broad
immune response against cancer. OncoVAX has completed five dose and regimen
finding clinical studies, including one Phase III trial with the optimum
dose and regimen and will begin a pivotal phase III trial under an FDA
Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) classification by the end of 2012.
Interview
conducted by: Lynn Fosse, Senior Editor, CEOCFO Magazine, Published –
September 24, 2012
CEOCFO:
Dr. Hanna, what was the vision when you founded the company and where are
you today?
Dr.
Hanna:
It’s been four
decades since the United States declared a war on cancer yet the life
sciences industry is still plagued by mostly unfulfilled hopes. The
pharmaceutical industry continues to push targeted therapies for
cancer despite decades of chemotherapy drugs with limited efficacy and
barely tolerable toxicity. This approach has been based on the false
premise that all cancer cells are identical, or homogeneous, and that a
one-size-fits-all strategy could be aimed at a handful of cancer targets.
However, there is now indisputable evidence from cancer genome DNA
sequencing studies revealing the extreme genetic diversity, or
heterogeneity, of cancer cells is far greater than previously imagined.
While the pharma industry continues to advocate for more targeted therapies
for smaller patient populations, the hundreds and thousands of cancer
mutations revealed over the past few years makes this approach impractical.
We cannot treat a heterogeneous disease with homogeneous drugs.
My vision for the company is
to harness the one evolutionary approach that already exists to address this
magnitude of cancer diversity – the immune system. The immune system
constantly protects humans from a diverse array of deadly foreign pathogens,
viruses and proteins. With the exception of safe drinking water, no other
modality, not even antibiotics, has had such a major effect on mortality
reduction and population growth.
Vaccinogen is in the final
stages of clinical development of OncoVAX®, the first cancer vaccine that
both prevents colon cancer recurrence and addresses the diversity of cancer
cells. OncoVAX has completed five clinical studies, including one Phase III
trial. Results from this Phase III trial were published in The Lancet and
showed OncoVAX cut the risk of recurrence by 61% in patients with Stage II
colon cancer. This is significant considering that colon cancer recurrence
has been considered mostly incurable.
We are now focused on
initiating a second and final Phase III trial that, if successful, will
enable us to apply to the FDA for marketing approval. If that goes well, we
will have a product with a significant clinical benefit and commercial
value.
CEOCFO:
What have you discovered that others have not?
Dr. Hanna:
There are two key differences with OncoVAX compared to other cancer
vaccines, and this is the most interesting part for me as a scientist. The
first is that OncoVAX embraces the now recognized and established fact of
heterogeneity, or the genetic diversity, of cancer cells within a patient’s
primary tumor. The second is that OncoVAX is used the way vaccines are
intended to be used – as a preventative measure rather than a late stage
treatment. I’ll explain.
Twenty-five years ago
when I was director of the National Cancer Institutes Center in Frederick,
Maryland, one of the investigators I worked with described a phenomenon of
heterogeneity in tumors. In other words, this investigator described how
cancer cells from the same tumor can be vastly different with respect to
some characteristics. This was shocking at the time when common thinking in
the scientific community believed that cancer was homogeneous. They believed
that all breast cancer cells were the same, all lung cancers were the same,
and so on. That heterogeneity as described in several papers was of interest
but it was not taken very seriously because it was not widely proven and at
the time was considered controversial. Consequently, many of the early
cancer vaccine programs were based on a false premise of tumor homogeneity,
where standard, off the shelf cancer antigens were used to treat patients
with very diverse cancer cells. And these programs all failed.
When we were faced with
making a decision regarding our cancer vaccine approach, we felt that the
safest decision is to assume there is heterogeneity and that we need to work
with the patient’s own tumor because whatever heterogeneity exists, it would
be in the primary tumor and the immune response would respond to all of the
various antigenic differences of the patient’s own cancer cells.
Over the last three or
four years there has been a major improvement in the technology of
sequencing the DNA. Because of the improvement in technical capabilities in
which sequencing can be completed rapidly and accurately, scientists have
rediscovered that tumors are indeed heterogeneous, both within the tumor and
between the different tumors. Once that heterogeneity concept was
established and validated at the molecular level, our assumption twenty-five
years ago suddenly had a great deal of credibility and it was a paradigm
shift in the antigen discovery aspect of cancer vaccine development.
The other thing we
decided was vaccines do not work well against advanced disease; they work
prophylactically to prevent disease. Consider small pox, measles, and polio.
We provide vaccines before infection to prevent future infection. However,
for cancer vaccines, so many programs were designed to treat late stage
disease perhaps too much and too late for an immune response to overcome. In
our case with OncoVAX, we worked with patients who have had surgery that got
rid of the tumor in the colon. We use that tumor to develop a vaccine
regimen of four inoculations to prevent the recurrence of colon cancer.
CEOCFO:
What is Vaccinogen doing today?
Dr. Hanna:
We are getting ready to begin the pivotal Phase III clinical trial required
by the FDA for registration of OncoVAX for the prevention of recurrence of
colon cancer following surgical resection of Stage II colon cancer. A
special protocol assessment (SPA) has been granted by the FDA, which means
that the Agency has accepted our trial design and clinical endpoints. Our
key initiatives going forward will be to enroll approximately 600 patients
into the trial.
CEOCFO:
Has the medical community paid attention or is it still wait and see?
Dr. Hanna:
They are paying attention in the sense that the consensus now from a
technical point of view is that there is validity in patient specific
immunotherapy and our approach of using the primary tumor as the source of
the vaccine. There is also a major unmet need for these patients. Surgery is
the gold standard for patients with Stage II colon cancer, however up to 30%
of patients recur. And once they recur, there is no cure. In addition,
OncoVAX works very well with existing clinical practice. Patients with Stage
II colon cancer undergo surgery as standard practice. We are using the tumor
sample from that procedure to create a vaccine that can be administered
within 35 days. Considering the medical need to prevent colon cancer
recurrence and the additive nature of OncoVAX to existing clinical practice,
we think it will be embraced by the medical community.
CEOCFO:
What is the timetable on that?
Dr. Hanna: If we start the pivotal Phase
3 trial this year, we anticipate an interim analysis of data by mid 2015.
CEOCFO:
Do you have the trial in place or are you looking for partnerships to get
that moving ahead?
Dr. Hanna: We are working on that now
and have some partnerships. We are about to appoint our clinical research
organization partner to conduct the trial. We hope to be starting to accrue
patients by the end of the year. We also have the opportunity to generate
near term revenues from licensing agreements for distribution of OncoVAX in
certain territories as well as additional cancer indications.
CEOCFO:
What else is going on at Vaccinogen?
Dr. Hanna:
We have plans to expand this approach to more advanced Stage III colon
cancer, combining our product OncoVAX with the standard of care chemotherapy
and seeing if we can improve, in this combo approach, the outcome of
recurrence-free survival. We are also looking at the possibility of using it
in other types of solid cancers such as renal cancer, a recurrent ovarian
cancer, and possibly melanoma.
CEOCFO:
What is the market opportunity?
Dr. Hanna:
It is very large. It is a product which would have wide acceptance because
of the lack of competitive treatments. There are about 120,000 patients
diagnosed with colon cancer in the United States per year; about 40% of them
are Stage II. In Europe there is about 160,000 and 40% of them are Stage II.
The opportunity is well over 100,000 patients total between Europe and the
United States, which would make for a very large market opportunity in this
market alone.
CEOCFO:
What is ahead for the company and why should people pay attention now?
Dr. Hanna:
Vaccinogen has been in stealth mode over the past few years and is therefore
widely unknown. However, we are on the front lines of a recent
reinvigoration of cancer vaccines. After decades of trials and tribulations,
the first cancer vaccine was finally approved last year, and the next wave
of cancer vaccines in development continue to improve upon past approaches.
OncoVAX represents a new paradigm for cancer treatment that has a very
strong possibility of being successful and it will mean a great deal to the
patients who would normally recur after surgery. I think it would have a
very strong health economic benefit because today when patients recur, the
treatment costs are very high. The drugs that they use now are very
expensive; if the patient does not recur you will not need those drugs. It
has benefit in terms of healthcare costs and benefits in terms of
recurrent-free survival in the patient.
CEOCFO:
How do you personally deal with the frustration of knowing you have
something that is potentially life-saving and yet has such a long and
arduous process to into use?
Dr. Hanna:
I feel once you take on a responsibility and you commit to it, you finish
the job. I consider it a responsibility. Vaccinogen benefited from the new
molecular genetics data that validated the heterogeneity of cancer and
thereby validated the OncoVAX approach. This is direct data from the best in
the molecular biology laboratories in the world so nobody can argue this. By
knowing the biology of the disease, our approach is well founded and it has
helped us to gain support from recent investors. I am encouraged by our
early clinical data and I am confident that we have the right approach and
the right clinical trial to move into final stage of development before
seeking FDA approval.
disclaimers
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Biotechnology
Oncology
(Private)
Vaccinogen, Inc.
5300 Westview Drive
Frederick, MD 21703
301-668-8400
www.vaccinogeninc.com
Vaccinogen
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